The general rule
Most countries require a neutral expression with your mouth closed. The reason is practical: facial recognition software works best when the face is in its natural, resting position. A wide smile changes the proportions of the face, potentially causing matching errors.
Rules by country
| Country | Smile policy | Details |
|---|---|---|
| India | No smile | Neutral expression, mouth closed |
| United States | Natural smile OK | A natural, relaxed smile is acceptable, but no wide grins |
| United Kingdom | No smile | Neutral expression with mouth closed |
| Canada | No smile | Neutral expression required |
| Australia | No smile | Mouth closed, neutral expression |
| Schengen (EU) | No smile | Neutral expression, mouth closed |
| Japan | No smile | Neutral face with both ears visible |
For region-specific details, see our passport photo guide by country.
Why smiling is problematic for document photos
- Facial recognition: Algorithms compare key facial points. Smiling shifts cheekbone position, eye shape, and jaw alignment.
- Consistency: Your passport photo must match your appearance when presenting the document at border control.
- International standards: ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) guidelines recommend neutral expressions.
Tips for a natural, neutral expression
- Relax your jaw and let your lips rest naturally together.
- Think of something mildly pleasant — this prevents looking tense or angry.
- Practice in front of a mirror to find your natural neutral expression.
- Take multiple shots and choose the one where you look most natural.